Ecology questions in NEET are mostly direct NCERT facts with a few short calculations. This set covers population attributes and growth models, population interactions, ecosystem productivity and energy flow, ecological pyramids and succession, and biodiversity and its conservation.
How to practise: read each question and tap the option you think is correct. You will see right away whether you got it, along with a short explanation, and your score is tracked at the bottom of the screen. This set has 15 questions.
Topics covered in this set
- Population attributes and growth models
- Population interactions
- Productivity, decomposition and energy flow
- Ecological pyramids and succession
- Patterns and loss of biodiversity
- In situ and ex situ conservation
NEET Biology MCQs with answers and explanations
Q1. In a pond there were 20 lotus plants last year and 8 new plants were added through reproduction. What is the birth rate?
a) 0.4 per lotus per year
b) 0.2 per lotus per year
c) 0.8 per lotus per year
d) 8 per year
Q2. In a laboratory population of 40 fruit flies, 4 died during a week. What is the death rate?
a) 0.1 per fly per week
b) 0.4 per fly per week
c) 4 per week
d) 0.01 per fly per week
Q3. Which equation describes logistic (Verhulst-Pearl) population growth?
a) dN/dt = rN
b) dN/dt = r/N
c) dN/dt = rN(K − N)/K
d) N = K × r
Q4. An interaction in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited is:
a) Mutualism
b) Amensalism
c) Commensalism
d) Parasitism
Q5. The interaction between fig trees and the wasps that pollinate them is an example of:
a) Competition
b) Mutualism
c) Commensalism
d) Predation
Q6. Gause's competitive exclusion principle states that:
a) Predators always eliminate prey
b) Two closely related species competing for the same limited resources cannot coexist indefinitely
c) Parasites always kill the host
d) All species in a habitat compete equally
Q7. If producers fix 10,000 J of energy, about how much reaches the tertiary consumers according to the 10% law?
a) 100 J
b) 1 J
c) 10 J
d) 1,000 J
Q8. Which ecological pyramid is always upright and can never be inverted?
a) Pyramid of numbers
b) Pyramid of energy
c) All of these can be inverted
d) Pyramid of biomass
Q9. The pyramid of biomass in a sea is generally inverted because:
a) Phytoplankton do not photosynthesise
b) Fish are smaller than phytoplankton
c) The biomass of fish far exceeds that of phytoplankton at any moment
d) Zooplankton are absent
Q10. In which order does hydrarch succession usually proceed?
a) Forest → shrubs → phytoplankton
b) Lichens → mosses → herbs → forest
c) Grasses → phytoplankton → forest
d) Phytoplankton → rooted submerged plants → floating plants → reed swamp → marsh-meadow → scrub → forest
Q11. What is the value of Z (the slope of the species-area line) for most smaller regions, according to NCERT?
a) 0.6–1.2
b) 0.01–0.05
c) 0.1–0.2
d) 2–3
Q12. The "rivet popper" hypothesis that explains the importance of species diversity to ecosystem function was proposed by:
a) David Tilman
b) Paul Ehrlich
c) Robert May
d) Alexander von Humboldt
Q13. Which is NOT among the "evil quartet" causes of biodiversity loss?
a) Habitat loss and fragmentation
b) Alien species invasions
c) Over-exploitation
d) Sacred groves
Q14. Which of these is an example of ex situ conservation?
a) National park
b) Sacred grove
c) Seed bank and cryopreservation of gametes
d) Biosphere reserve
Q15. India has about 2.4% of the world's land area. What share of global species diversity does it hold according to NCERT?
a) About 2.4%
b) About 25%
c) About 8.1%
d) About 0.5%
Quick revision notes
- Birth rate and death rate are per individual per unit time.
- Exponential: dN/dt = rN (J-shaped); logistic: dN/dt = rN(K − N)/K (S-shaped).
- 10% law: energy at each level is about one tenth of the level below.
- Pyramid of energy is always upright; biomass pyramid in the sea is inverted.
- Evil quartet: habitat loss, over-exploitation, alien species, co-extinctions.
Frequently asked questions
Are these NEET previous year questions?
No. They are original practice questions based on the NCERT Class 12 chapters Organisms and Populations, Ecosystem and Biodiversity and Conservation.
Which ecology calculations appear most often?
Energy transfer with the 10% law, birth and death rates, and reading growth equations or species-area relations.
How can I separate in situ and ex situ conservation quickly?
In situ protects species where they live, such as national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves and sacred groves. Ex situ moves them out, as in zoos, botanical gardens and seed banks.
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