People, Development and Environment is a Paper 1 unit built largely on dates, names and cause-and-effect links. This set covers the MDGs and SDGs, pollution and its health effects, energy resources, disaster risk reduction, India's main environmental laws, the major international agreements, the NAPCC missions and the International Solar Alliance.
How to practise: read each question and tap the option you think is correct. You will see right away whether you got it, along with a short explanation, and your score is tracked at the bottom of the screen. This set has 15 questions.
Topics covered in this set
- MDGs and the Sustainable Development Goals
- Air, water, soil and noise pollution
- Renewable and non-renewable energy resources
- Natural hazards and the Sendai Framework
- Indian environmental protection laws
- International agreements, NAPCC and ISA
UGC NET Paper 1 MCQs with answers and explanations
Q1. How many Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda?
a) 8
b) 17
c) 21
d) 12
Q2. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) had a target year of:
a) 2010
b) 2030
c) 2020
d) 2015
Q3. The maximum population of a species that an environment can support over time without being degraded is called its:
a) Ecological footprint
b) Biotic potential
c) Carrying capacity
d) Environmental resistance
Q4. Minamata disease, first reported in Japan, was caused by eating fish contaminated with:
a) Cadmium
b) Arsenic
c) Lead
d) Mercury
Q5. Excess nitrates in drinking water can cause which condition in infants?
a) Rickets
b) Fluorosis
c) Blue baby syndrome (methaemoglobinaemia)
d) Itai-itai disease
Q6. The enrichment of a water body with nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates, leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion, is called:
a) Bioremediation
b) Eutrophication
c) Biomagnification
d) Desalination
Q7. Acid rain is mainly caused by emissions of:
a) Carbon monoxide and methane
b) Water vapour and carbon dioxide
c) Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
d) Ozone and chlorofluorocarbons
Q8. In which unit is the loudness of sound, relevant to noise pollution, usually measured?
a) Pascal
b) Decibel
c) Hertz
d) Lux
Q9. A solar photovoltaic cell works by:
a) Burning organic matter
b) Heating water to run a steam turbine
c) Splitting heavy atomic nuclei
d) Converting sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors such as silicon
Q10. Which of these is a non-renewable energy resource?
a) Wind energy
b) Biomass
c) Nuclear energy from uranium
d) Hydropower
Q11. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction covers which period?
a) 2020–2035
b) 2010–2020
c) 2015–2030
d) 2005–2015
Q12. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was enacted in the background of which event?
a) The Narmada Bachao Andolan
b) The Chipko movement
c) The Stockholm Conference of 1972
d) The Bhopal gas tragedy of 1984
Q13. Match the Indian law with its year: Wildlife (Protection) Act, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.
a) 1972, 1981, 1974
b) 1981, 1974, 1972
c) 1974, 1972, 1986
d) 1972, 1974, 1981
Q14. Which international meeting led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)?
a) Kyoto Conference, 1997
b) Rio Earth Summit, 1992
c) Johannesburg Summit, 2002
d) Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, 1972
Q15. Which statement about India's climate initiatives is correct?
a) The NAPCC has 12 missions and was launched in 2015
b) The International Solar Alliance is headquartered in Paris
c) The Kyoto Protocol set binding emission targets for India
d) The NAPCC (2008) has 8 national missions, and the International Solar Alliance was launched by India and France at COP21 in Paris in 2015
Quick revision notes
- SDGs: 17 goals, 169 targets, adopted 2015, target 2030; MDGs: 8 goals, 2000–2015.
- Minamata = mercury; itai-itai = cadmium; blue baby = nitrates; fluorosis = fluoride.
- Sendai Framework 2015–2030: 7 targets, 4 priorities; replaced Hyogo (2005–2015).
- Indian laws: Wildlife 1972, Water 1974, Air 1981, Environment Protection 1986.
- Stockholm 1972 (UNEP), Montreal 1987, Rio 1992, Kyoto 1997, Paris 2015; NAPCC 2008 with 8 missions; ISA HQ Gurugram.
Frequently asked questions
Are these previous year UGC NET questions?
No. They are original practice questions based on the UGC NET Paper 1 unit on People, Development and Environment.
How many questions come from this unit?
Each of the ten Paper 1 units usually contributes about five questions, though the exact number varies between exams.
How should I revise environment laws and treaties?
Make a single timeline of Indian Acts and international conventions with their years and one key outcome each, and revise it regularly.
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